Winter hiking can be an exhilarating experience, allowing you to explore the outdoors in a completely different way than during the warmer months. But to make the most of your winter hike and stay safe and comfortable, having the proper clothing and gear is essential. Here are some tips on how to dress and what to pack when hiking in cold winter weather.
Layering is Key
The key to staying warm while hiking in winter is dressing in layers. Layers allow you to adjust your level of insulation and ventilation as needed. As you heat up while hiking, you can shed outer layers to avoid getting sweaty or overheated. And when you stop for a break, you can quickly add layers back on before you get cold.
Here are the three main layers you need for winter hiking:
Base Layer
This layer sits directly against your skin and wicks away sweat while retaining heat. For winter, look for a long underwear set made of wool or synthetic fabrics like polyester or nylon. Avoid cotton, which holds onto moisture and can leave you chilled.
Insulation Layer
The insulation layer traps heat to keep your core extra warm. Fleece jackets and pants are ideal for this layer. You can also use wool sweaters or pullovers. If it’s extremely cold, consider adding a down or synthetic puffy jacket for even more insulation.
Outer Shell Layer
This final layer protects you from the elements like snow, wind, and rain. Look for waterproof and windproof jackets and pants made of materials like Gore-Tex or treated nylon. Make sure they are still breathable to avoid getting sweaty.
Additional Hiking Gear
In addition to your base, insulation, and outer layers, here are some other important pieces of gear to wear and bring on winter hikes:
- Winter hiking boots – Waterproof, insulated boots with good traction are essential in icy and snowy conditions. Look for boots with a rated temperature range suitable for the temps you plan to hike in.
- Gaiters – Gaiters cover your ankles and the top of your boots to keep snow and debris out. Required if hiking in deep snow.
- Wool hiking socks – Warm wool blend socks will wick moisture and retain heat better than cotton. Bring extra pairs in case your feet get wet.
- Winter hat – A wool or fleece winter hat will help retain heat lost through your head. Look for one that covers your ears.
- Mittens – Mittens are warmer than gloves since fingers share warmth. You can also add glove liners for extra insulation.
- Neck gaiter or balaclava – Protects your neck, face, and head from wind and cold. Often made of fleece or wool.
Additional Tips for Dressing for Winter Hikes
- Dress in snug-fitting layers to avoid cold air getting in. Make sure to avoid cotton which traps moisture.
- Bring extra layers so you can adjust your level of insulation. Don’t forget extra socks.
- Wear bright colors so you can be easily seen in the snow.
- Protect areas prone to frostbite like fingers, toes, ears, nose, and cheeks.
- If wearing pants, make sure they are loose enough to allow you to layer long underwear or hiking pants underneath.
- Only wear one pair of socks at a time to avoid compressed insulation and blisters.
- Apply sunscreen, even when it’s cold. The sun reflects off snow and can cause burns.
Average Temperature Ranges for Winter Hiking Apparel
Here are some general temperature guidelines to help determine what to wear hiking based on conditions:
20°F (-6°C) and Warmer
You’ll need lighter insulation when hiking in these temperatures:
- Base layer: synthetic or merino wool long underwear
- Insulation: Fleece jacket and pants
- Outer layer: Breathable waterproof jacket and pants
- Headwear: Winter hat, balaclava optional
- Handwear: Lightweight gloves, glove liners
- Footwear: Insulated hiking boots
20°F to -10°F (-6°C to -23°C)
Temperatures in this range require mid-weight insulation:
- Base layer: synthetic or merino wool long underwear
- Insulation: Mid-weight down or synthetic jacket, fleece pants
- Outer layer: Insulated, waterproof jacket and pants
- Headwear: Winter hat, balaclava
- Handwear: Mid-weight insulated gloves with liners
- Footwear: Heavily insulated winter hiking boots
-10°F (-23°C) and Colder
For the coldest conditions, utilize heavy-weight insulation and protection:
- Base layer: synthetic or merino wool long underwear
- Insulation: Heavyweight down parka, insulated bib pants
- Outer layer: Hooded down coat, insulated and waterproof bib pants
- Headwear: Winter hat, balaclava, neck gaiter
- Handwear: Heavyweight insulated mittens with liners
- Footwear: Heavy-duty mountaineering boots with traction cleats
Keep your expected conditions and activity level in mind when planning insulation. If hiking uphill, you may need lighter layers to avoid overheating, even in cold temps. But breaks and downhill portions will require full cold weather protection. Gauge the forecast and prepare for the lowest temp expected. You can always shed layers if you get too warm.
Layering Combinations for Different Temperatures
Mild Conditions, Highs 25°F to 40°F (-4°C to 4°C)
- Base layer: Lightweight synthetic or Merino wool long underwear top and bottom
- Insulation: Fleece jacket
- Outer layer: Waterproof breathable jacket, windproof pants
- Headwear: Winter hat
- Handwear: Fleece gloves, glove liners optional
- Footwear: Mid-weight insulated hiking boots
Cold Conditions, Highs 10°F to 25°F (-12°C to -4°C)
- Base layer: Mid-weight synthetic or Merino long underwear top and bottom
- Insulation: Mid-weight down or synthetic insulated jacket, fleece pants
- Outer layer: Insulated waterproof jacket, insulated waterproof pants
- Headwear: Winter hat, balaclava optional
- Handwear: Mid-weight insulated gloves with liners
- Footwear: Heavily insulated winter hiking boots
Very Cold Conditions, Highs -10°F to 10°F (-23°C to -12°C)
- Base layer: Heavy synthetic or merino wool long underwear top and bottom
- Insulation: Down parka, insulated bib pants
- Outer layer: Hooded down coat, insulated waterproof bib pants
- Headwear: Winter hat, balaclava, neck gaiter
- Handwear: Heavily insulated mittens with liners
- Footwear: Heavy-duty mountaineering boots with traction cleats
Hiking Gear to Pack
In addition to wearing proper winter hiking apparel, be sure to pack these essential items:
- Navigation: Map, compass, GPS device
- Sun protection: Sunglasses, sunscreen, lip balm
- First aid: First aid kit, blister kit, medications
- Light: Headlamp or flashlight with extra batteries
- Nutrition: High protein and carb snacks, fluids
- Emergency supplies: Firestarter, shelter blanket, whistle
- Multi-tool: For minor gear repairs
Also, consider bringing hiking poles for stability on icy terrain and gaiters to keep your pants and boots dry if hiking in deep snow.
Avoiding Hypothermia and Frostbite
With the proper winter hiking clothes and adequate preparation, you can safely partake in cold weather hikes while avoiding dangerous cold weather injuries like hypothermia and frostbite:
- Hypothermia – This occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can generate it and core temperature drops. It is serious and can become deadly. Watch for symptoms like shivering, slurred speech, sluggish movements, and exhaustion. If detected, get the person out of the cold, replace wet clothes, and re-warm them with hot packs and blankets. Provide warm fluids if conscious. Seek immediate medical help. Avoid by staying dry, taking breaks out of the cold, eating high-energy foods, and staying hydrated.
- Frostbite – Extremities exposed to the cold without proper protection can freeze. This causes numb, pale skin that may blister or turn black after rewarming. Frostbitten skin is extremely delicate. To avoid further damage, slowly rewarm in warm (not hot) water. Seek medical treatment. Prevent by covering vulnerable areas like fingers, toes, nose, cheeks, and ears. Wear snug layers to keep warm blood flowing.
Conclusion
Hiking during winter requires taking some additional precautions to safely enjoy the outdoors when it’s cold and snowy. Dressing in layers and choosing the proper insulating garments based on the conditions allows you to adapt on the trail. Covering vulnerable areas like hands and heads while protecting yourself from the elements is also key. With the right winter hiking clothes and gear, you can explore the beauty of nature in a completely new way when everything is covered in snow and ice. Just be sure to check the forecast, prepare for the lowest expected temperatures, and watch out for signs of dangerous cold weather injuries. Using sound judgment with your winter hiking attire provides everything you need for an unforgettable adventure.
Frequently Asked Questions About Winter Hiking Apparel
What types of socks are best for winter hiking?
Wool socks, especially merino wool, are the best choice for winter hiking. They keep your feet warm while wicking moisture away. Bring extra pairs in case your feet get wet.
Should I wear one thick pair of socks or layer two pairs?
Only wear one pair of socks at a time. Layering socks compresses insulation and leads to blisters. Choose a pair that provides ample warmth on its own.
Is it better to wear pants or snow bibs in the winter?
For deep snow, bibs are better as they keep snow from getting in your boots and provide more warmth. For milder conditions, insulated pants with gaiters can work. The best option depends on the terrain and temperatures.
What are gaiters and when should I wear them?
Gaiters are coverings worn over your ankles and boots that keep snow and debris out. They’re essential if hiking in deep snow but optional for milder conditions.
Can I wear cotton as a base layer in the winter?
No, cotton soaks up sweat and will leave you chilled. Choose synthetic or merino wool long underwear that wicks moisture.
Should my winter jacket be tight or loose-fitting?
Make sure your jacket fits snugly enough so that cold air doesn’t penetrate in. But size it to allow room for layering underneath.
How do I know if my boots are insulated enough?
Check the temperature rating and insulation specs provided by the boot manufacturer. Choose boots rated for the lowest temps you expect to hike in.
Can I wear trail running shoes instead of winter hiking boots?
Not in cold and icy conditions. Trail runners lack insulation and traction. Only winter hiking boots provide the warmth, protection, and grip you need.
Do I need special snowshoes or foot traction devices?
If hiking in deep snow, snowshoes are critical to evenly distribute your weight. On icy terrain, traction cleats added to boots provide grip.
Can I wear sweatpants as an insulating layer on winter hikes?
It’s best to avoid cotton-like sweatpants in winter as they absorb moisture. Choose synthetic fleece pants instead for better moisture-wicking.
What’s the difference between gloves and mittens for warmth?
Mittens are warmer than gloves as fingers share warmth. But gloves allow more dexterity. You can also wear glove liners under mittens for extra warmth.
Can I substitute a winter coat for a down jacket as insulation?
Down or synthetic insulated jackets provide more warmth for their weight. But a waterproof winter coat works if it’s properly insulated.
Is it okay for my base layer to get sweaty?
Some moisture is expected, but you want your base layer to wick moisture away from your skin. If it gets soaked, you risk chilling. Bring extra base layers to change into.
Do I need goggles for winter hiking?
Not necessarily, but sunglasses or protective eyewear can shield your eyes from sun glare off snow and keep wind, snow, and cold air out.
Should I bring extra socks to change into during my winter hike?
Absolutely. Having a dry pair to change into is key if your feet get sweaty or socks get wet crossing streams or snow.
Can I layer two jackets for more warmth?
Yes, layering two jackets or a jacket and a vest can increase your insulation. Just make sure the fit allows enough movement.
What qualities should I look for in a winter hat?
Look for wool or fleece winter hats that fully cover your ears and stay put in the wind. If very cold, consider adding a balaclava or neck gaiter.
Can I use ski gloves as handwear for winter hiking?
You can, but heavily insulated mittens with glove liners may keep your hands warmer. Test out different options and see what’s warm enough.
Is there a such thing as too many pairs of long underwear for winter hiking?
Not necessarily – having extras allows you to change if your base layers get wet from sweat, stream crossings, etc.
Do I need to apply sunscreen when hiking in winter?
Yes, always wear sunscreen when in snow as the sun’s reflection can burn your skin, even in cloudy conditions. Reapply often.
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My name is David James I am an adventurous hiker based in California. Through this weblog, I percentage my passion for exploring nature’s wonders, documenting breathtaking trails and hidden gemstones.